Meteorites - Facts versus Fables

| Saturday, January 7, 2012
By Tom Snow


A meteorite is a naturally formed object originating in outer space that survives impact with the Earth's surface. Meteorites can be different sizes and styles, varying from little to big. There are some meteorites derived from little astronomical objects called meteoroids, but most of the time they are produced by impacts of other asteroids. When a meteoroid enters the earth's atmosphere or in the earth's gravitational field, ram pressure causes that object to heat up because of the attraction of the earth's gravitational pull. At this point, meteorites begin emitting light as it forms a " fireball" thanks to the fire on its outer surface. This sort of meteor is known as falling star.

Meteorites that are noted and recovered as they impacted the Earth are called falls. All other meteorites are known as finds. As specified in the report of February 2010, there are approximately 1,086 witnessed falls, existing in the world's collections. In contrast, there may be more than 38,660 documented meteorite finds.

Meteorites are typically split into 3 major classes: (1) stony meteorites composed from rocky and hard materials; (2) iron meteorites composed from metallic iron and once-in-a-while a small amount of nickel and also; (3) stony-iron meteorites are composed of both metallic and rocky material. Modern categorization systems divide meteorites into groupings according to their structure, characteristics, chemical properties, isotopic composition and mineralogy. Almost all of the meteorites are in hard meteorites class and about 6% of the falling meteorites are in the iron and stony-iron class.

Almost all of the meteoroids break up into small-sized pieces when enter into the earth's atmosphere. It's estimated that about 500 meteoroids strike the earth's surface each and every year - having different sizes that range from the size of marbles to basket balls or maybe bigger - with not many of these being documented as recovered. There have been a small number of meteorites that have been so huge and of such size, that striking the surface of the earth, with their terminal velocity, form pits on the surface of earth and can infrequently destroy public property which might end up in injury or loss of life.

Doctor. H.H. (Harvey Harlow) Nininger initiated a method for the search of meteorites in the great plains of the United States in the late 1920's to 1950's. He travelled in the chosen area and educated the local community about the features of the meteorites, identification and what to do if somebody found it. His strategy was very successful and he was enabled to discover more than 2 hundred new meteorites. Almost all of newly discovered meteorites are of the stony type. In the late 1960's, Roosevelt County , New Mexico in the Great Plains area was selected for finding new meteorites. One hundred forty meteorites have been found in the area since 1967. Intriguingly, 1 or 2 meteorites were spotted in Antarctica between 1912 and 1964. This discovery has impassioned the search to find more meteorites in Antarctica. In 1969, the 10th Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition found some meteorites in Antarctica. Another Japanese Antarctica expedition was first launched in 1974 for the search of more meteorites with great success. This team succeeded to recover almost 700 meteorites while there. One or two dozen meteorites have also been found in the Nullarbor area of Western and Southern Australia before 1971.




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